Wilfred Owen Poetry Essay Example For Students

Wilfred Owen Poetry Essay Owen explores his major theme the pity of war. He was mainly concerned with establishing the truth about war: that It was not at all glorious. He achieves this purpose through highlighting the emphatically negative aspects of war, Including the loss of young life, injustice, lies, and the effect of war on soldiers and the horrors of war. Two poems that convey these areas clearly and highlight Owens pity of war are The Next War and Anthem for Doomed Youth. In The Next War Owen effectively conveys the horrors of war and injustice of the leaders sending men to death while they are safe. We will write a custom essay on Wilfred Owen Poetry specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now He uses personification to convey the soldiers relationship with Death in the lines Out there, weave walked quite friendly up to Death and We laughed at him. This shows that the soldiers had learned to live with Death to get through the day alive and sane. They had to become friends with him otherwise they would go Insane worrying constantly about who would die next and whether It would be them or not. When the soldiers had a close call with death they laughed, It was the only thing they could do, and this again suggests their sanity Is waning. This shows the readers the horror of war as the soldiers had to go to such extreme measures Just to make It through the day, which Is one of the mall aspects of the pity of war. The use of the metaphor In the lines Weve sniffed the green thick dour of his breath conveys that his breath is being directly compared to the gas used in the war. It implies that the gas is sent directly from Death to seek out and do harm, it also suggests that it is an often occurrence as someone breathing is on a regular basis. Hes spat at with bullets and hes coughed shrapnel. This personification conveys that the bullets and shrapnel from the enemy, which bring death to soldiers, are also sent from Death to kill. This makes Death seem like the enemy and that they should be fighting against Death not against each other. These two techniques portray the cruel deaths from guns and gas and how they are controlled by Death, making Death seem Like the enemy. This is the horror of war, which Is part of the pity of war. In the first stanza of the sonnet, which Is an octave, Owen makes death seem Like the ultimate enemy. But In the second stanza which Is a sestets, Owen reveals that Death is not the true enemy, but that the leaders are, as they send innocent men out to fight, kill and die for their country while the leaders re safe behind the lines. In the lines And greater wars; when each fighter brags he wars on death for lives; not men for flags Owen uses irony to convey the idea that leaders are liars and only go to war in the interests of their country and not in the interests of the individual person who will fight and die just because a leader commanded so. By using the structure of the sonnet to show this, Owen emphasized this difference with Juxtaposition by having the octave which implies death as the enemy and the sestets which depicts the leaders as the real enemy right next to each there. The aspect of the pity of war explored here Is the Injustice of the leaders who send soldiers to die while they stay safe. Wilfred Owen explores the pity of war In the poem Anthem for Doomed Youth. The mall areas he focuses on are the sacrifice of young innocent lives, the horrors of war and the injustice in war. .u36fefb902547b87edc2f057d0552a077 , .u36fefb902547b87edc2f057d0552a077 .postImageUrl , .u36fefb902547b87edc2f057d0552a077 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u36fefb902547b87edc2f057d0552a077 , .u36fefb902547b87edc2f057d0552a077:hover , .u36fefb902547b87edc2f057d0552a077:visited , .u36fefb902547b87edc2f057d0552a077:active { border:0!important; } .u36fefb902547b87edc2f057d0552a077 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u36fefb902547b87edc2f057d0552a077 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u36fefb902547b87edc2f057d0552a077:active , .u36fefb902547b87edc2f057d0552a077:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u36fefb902547b87edc2f057d0552a077 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u36fefb902547b87edc2f057d0552a077 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u36fefb902547b87edc2f057d0552a077 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u36fefb902547b87edc2f057d0552a077 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u36fefb902547b87edc2f057d0552a077:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u36fefb902547b87edc2f057d0552a077 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u36fefb902547b87edc2f057d0552a077 .u36fefb902547b87edc2f057d0552a077-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u36fefb902547b87edc2f057d0552a077:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Is the Twentieth century American novel a medium for social criticism? EssayOwen uses a What passing-bells for these who die as cattle? Owen compares the young men to cattle whom are slaughtered, which dehumidifies them. This shows that the young boys are thought of only as cannon fodder and that they are not cared for. The heterocyclic question is used to involve the readers and create empathy for the young lives that are lost. The use of these techniques reinforces the point that Owen is making, that war reaps destruction in young lives. This is also shown in The Next War as it also explores the loss of life brought about by the horrors of war. Owen effectively conveys the pity of war through the sacrifice of young innocent lives. The glory of war is the main lie told about war. War is often portrayed as a wonderful thing that will give a man great glory will provide a great adventure. Owen set out to ell the truth about war through his poems. Nor any voice of mourning save the choirs, the shrill, demented choirs of wailing shells. This quote uses the techniques; oxymoron, personification and onomatopoeia. Owen combines these 3 techniques to depict that the boys who die will get no funeral, no one will grieve and no one will miss them. The only goodbye they get is the continuation of the war. It also alludes that no religion will be involved in their death proceedings. It suggests the idea that because God never helped them during the war it would Just be in insult to include hem in their deaths. The untruth of war i s one of the main areas in the pity of war that Owen portrays. The effect of war on soldiers is the aspect of the pity of war explored in the lines Not in the hands of boys but in their eyes Shall shine the holy glimmers of goodbye. Owen uses direct rhyme, emotive language and imagery to convey the affect the war has one the young soldiers. The rhyme scheme of having two lines rhyme instead of spreading the rhyme out like in the rest of the poem emphasizes that the war mentally affects the soldiers. It leaves them sad, depressed ND paranoid. Their moist eyes from tears reflect the fires burning and explosions that symbolize the candles burned at funerals to speeds the deeds ascent to heaven. This conveys again that the boys get no proper funeral. The aspect of the pity of war portrayed in this quote is the effect of war on the soldiers. The Next War and Anthem for Doomed Youth are poems by Wilfred Owen that depict the pity of war whose main themes are; Injustice, lies, horrors of war, loss of young life and the effect of war on soldiers. His main concern was to spread the message that war was not glorious. Wilfred Owen Poetry Essay Example For Students Wilfred Owen Poetry Essay Willows poetry is based around the false glory of war and the true brutality of the experiences the soldiers faced while at battle. These ideas and experiences are represented in the poems Mental Cases and Disabled effectively as they discuss the physical and mental burdens the soldiers faced returning home from battle through the use of poetic techniques. Mental Cases revolves around the victims of shell shock and their experiences of never truly leaving the war. The use of oxymorons, hyperbole and alliteration effectively demonstrate the horrific experiences these oldies can never mentally leave behind. The oxymoron slow panic emphasizes the terrifying experiences that helped cause the soldiers mental collapse. This allows the readers a chance to visualize the Inhuman battles these soldiers fought and Images that are constantly etched In their minds. This Image Is further stressed with the hyperbole that follows. The use of chasms describes the expression upon the soldiers face whilst reliving these nightmares. We will write a custom essay on Wilfred Owen Poetry specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now This gives the readers a visual Image of their frenzied appearance. Owen continues to paint the pain on their faces and emphasize the effect of these experiences on what once were brave soldiers with alliteration further in the poem. Alliteration is coupled with juxtaposition in hilarious, hideous to describe the soldiers smiles to portray how the expressions on the soldiers face is somewhat comedic as it is almost unbelievable yet the seriousness of the shell shock makes it hideous as this soldier is in excruciating pain he is haunted. The use of this Juxtaposition creates an even more confronting image to the audience as they realism the extent of the mental condition. Owen effectively scribes the mental burdens these suffering soldiers face post-war and creates a bitter tone as the readers are partially to blame. The word Always is used to highlight the everlasting mind horrors these men are faced with even after the war. This creates a somber tone as the audience begins to see the waste of human lives and that war isnt accurately represented. The repetition of us emphasizes the social guilt for the soldiers condition as our country sent them to war and sacrificed their sanity within. Disabled represents similar aspects concerning the false glory and true errors of war through the physical burdens another soldier faces upon returning home. Disabled tells the story of a young soldier, illegally enrolled, who returns home from war limbless. Owens use of contrast, symbolism and repetition successfully demonstrate the life this young man has wasted and the false glory that propaganda encourages. Owen uses color references throughout the poem as symbolic elements to establish the disorientating mood as the soldier realizes his life will never be the same as it once was. ghastly slut of grey represents the soldiers scent Into depression as he watches the life he once lived float further and further away. Common references such as dark and sleep further emphasize his Isolation from the outside world. The soldiers silence and social ostracism Is further represented through the repetition of Voices as It creates the Image of memories once passed that he will never forget. Owen uses contrast throughout the entire poem to compare the soldiers life before and after the war and emphasize the waste of human life the war has caused. A carefree tone is created through the natural he enjoyment the soldier would once experience. This is then contrasted with Now he will never feel again how slim Girls waists are. The use of now emphasizes the reality of what his injuries truly mean as he is now shunned from women who once adored him. .uab49624bd50cf7f24f63cd2e89f3e786 , .uab49624bd50cf7f24f63cd2e89f3e786 .postImageUrl , .uab49624bd50cf7f24f63cd2e89f3e786 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uab49624bd50cf7f24f63cd2e89f3e786 , .uab49624bd50cf7f24f63cd2e89f3e786:hover , .uab49624bd50cf7f24f63cd2e89f3e786:visited , .uab49624bd50cf7f24f63cd2e89f3e786:active { border:0!important; } .uab49624bd50cf7f24f63cd2e89f3e786 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uab49624bd50cf7f24f63cd2e89f3e786 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uab49624bd50cf7f24f63cd2e89f3e786:active , .uab49624bd50cf7f24f63cd2e89f3e786:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uab49624bd50cf7f24f63cd2e89f3e786 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uab49624bd50cf7f24f63cd2e89f3e786 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uab49624bd50cf7f24f63cd2e89f3e786 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uab49624bd50cf7f24f63cd2e89f3e786 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uab49624bd50cf7f24f63cd2e89f3e786:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uab49624bd50cf7f24f63cd2e89f3e786 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uab49624bd50cf7f24f63cd2e89f3e786 .uab49624bd50cf7f24f63cd2e89f3e786-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uab49624bd50cf7f24f63cd2e89f3e786:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: John Tetzel EssayOwen has used this image to accentuate the bright future ahead of the soldier that has now disintegrated into nothing because of his injuries and the audience is now able to understand the true horrors that war brings as it destroys the future of young soldiers. Owen also describes the naivety of the soldier by slighting the reasons he didnt sign up to war, and the misguided reasons he did to emphasize the false glory of war that many young soldiers become entrapped to. For daggers in plaid socks conveys the soldier is still a boy as his dreams to go to war revolve around owning a knife. This soldier is a representative of all the young soldiers swept up b y the patriotic hype created by the government. The alliteration in younger than his youth refers to his youthful innocence before war and how he is prematurely aged post-war. This accentuates to the readers the true effect of the war ND the horrors these men not only face whilst in battle but upon returning home to what they once knew. Disabled effectively conveys the physical endeavourers associated with war and the waste of human lives as they may return home changed forever. Disabled and Mental Cases effectively use contrast, alliteration, and other poetic techniques to identify the physical and mental plights of the soldiers sent to war. Owen effectively emphasizes to the audience the true horrors and false glory of war that many are blind-sighted by and truthfully demonstrates the experiences these soldiers must face.

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The UNWTO forecasts a growth in international tourists arrivals of between 4% and 5% in 2011, below the estimated percentage of growth rate in 2011 distributed by regions: World: 5% Europe: 4% Asia-Pacific: 7-9% Americas: 5-6% Africa: 6-7% Middle East: 8-10% Job opportunities Tourism accounts more than 40,000 direct jobs and an estimated 130,000 indirect jobs impacting the lives of more than 800,000 people. Current plans aim at raising direct tourism jobs to 60,000, in addition to creating 300,000 direct and indirect job opportunities in supporting sectors. Direct jobs in the tourism sector (2002-2010) The growth of the tourism sector has helped create and develop thousands of small- and medium-sized businesses around the Kingdom. It has also influenced important changes in Jordans work culture. Women currently constitute 10.0% of the current job total. Growth has also been reflected on the educational system, where hospitality is becoming a favorite subject for high school students. Graduates can pursue specialized education at the Jordan Applied University College of Hospitality and Tourism, in addition to a number of the Jordanian universities that teach the Hospitality specialty. Tourist numbers and expenditure levels The number of tourists visiting Jordan has been increasing steadily over the past few years. In 2010, overnight visitors totaled 4.55 million, while same day visitors reached 3.7 million. Focus on the quality of tourists (especially from Europe) has raised the number of nights spent in the Kingdom and increased tourism income to 2.423 billion Jordanian Dinars, a decrease of 17.2% from 2009. Income from tourism (2004-2010) Investment in the tourism sector This decade has witnessed a flurry of investment activity in the tourism sector to meet the increasing numbers of visitors to the Kingdom. Investment in tourism has totaled almost 2.9 billion Dinars between 1996 and 2009, with direct foreign investments constituting 53%. 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JORDAN TOURISM HOSPITALITY ANALYSIS The tourism cluster map is centered on these four pillars of tourism: Accommodation, Restaurant Food service, Transportation and Tourist Attractions. It includes small vendors to USAID. (J. FischerI. 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The country ranks higher than many of its peers on the quality of its historical as well as its natural heritage, as well as highly on the openness of its people to tourism and to foreigners. However, various threats to the tourism sector also exist. For example, high concentrations of tourists threaten Petra, and degradation and environmental concerns related to the Gulf of Aqaba are also rising. Ground transportation infrastructure plays a very important role in Jordans tourism. For one thing, it is the preferred means of entry to Jordan for 76% of foreign visitors. Jordan ranks lower on the quality of its ground transport than some of its leading regional neighbors. Some of the main problems the public transport sector faces are a very low level of coordination among transporters as well as an alarmingly high increase in accidents in recent years. The Public Transport Regulatory Commission was formed in 2001 specifically to oversee the public transport sector. The commission is currently addressing the problem of low-coordination by consolidating unprofitable routes. Presently, a total of 11 universities (including three state-owned), 10 colleges and 16 vocational training centers are involved in providing tourism specific education. However, various business surveys indicate that a majority of the industry respondents were not satisfied with the quality of graduates produced by these institutes. The skills shortage might be a reason why in 2008 foreigners constituted 18% of the overall tourist workforce, up from 10% in 2004. The Government is also cognizant of this fact, and therefore allows new businesses in Aqaba to hire foreigners, up to 70% of the workforce. RELATED AND SUPPORTING INDUSTRIES: The importance of a national strategy for tourism buttressed by a strong public and private collaboration and coordinated development. For instance, popular tourist sites need to be supported by information and good infrastructure in order to create a strong brand and to generate repeat visitors. Similarly, good hotels and high quality services should support a good marketing campaign. Hence, a national tourism strategy becomes imperative for coordinated development (JNCO, 2007). The GoJ analyzed the strengths and weaknesses of the salient pillars of tourism, including accommodation, transport, food, tourism services, and activities for each of the before mentioned niche markets. Hotels and Restaurants Jordans hotels and restaurants employ the bulk of the labor force working in tourism. In 2008, they contributed 1.7% of GDP (ABC, 2009). Hotel accommodations range from one- to five star hotels. In 2008, five-star hotels accounted for almost half of the total nights spent. The hotel sector has managed to attract a substantial amount of investment in recent years. Catholic Student Bay (US$500M), the Ayla Oasis project (US$750M), the Saraya Aqaba project (UD$362M), the Sun Days Water Park (US$60M), the Aqaba Ishkar Kempinski Hotel (US$60M), the Royal Metropolis-Jordan Gate and Royal Villages of Amman (US$1B), the Dead Sea Holiday Inn Hotel (US$21M), and the Crown Plaza Hotel at the Dead Sea (US$49M).Many international hotel chains are competing in the industry and include some award-winning spas near the Dead Sea. In recent years, the tourism industry has gone through changing dynamics, where restaurants are becoming the high growth segment, while hotels are showing stagnancy. 40% increasing growth in the restaurant sector indicates a rising appetite of Jordanians for e ating out. A wide variety of international restaurant franchises have entered the market, which suggests increased competition in the industry. The stagnancy in the hotel industry might be explained by low occupancy rates or by the fact that Jordanian hotels are highly dependent upon European tourists for its demand. This is a market segment that is very vulnerable to changes in perceptions about Jordans security emanating from regional instability. The GoJ has been encouraging hotel construction, with special emphasis in the Aqaba specialized economic zone (JNCO, 2007). Health Tourism: Health Tourism is a core part of the tourism cluster. During the 1970s, Arab patients from around the region started arriving in Jordan for medical treatment. Today, Jordans health sector has a reputation for subspecialties, such as cardiovascular surgery, transplantation, cancer treatment, and plastic surgery. The private sector accounts for 54% of the hospitals and 46% of the beds available. It is soon to be a regional hub to medical tourist. The GoJ has been very responsive towards the needs of the industry. In 1998, the MoH established an office at the Queen Alia International Airport (QAIA) to assist foreigners with immigration, information, and transportation to hospitals. Currently, the Medical Tourism Directorate follows up on complaints from foreign patients and works in collaboration with an association representing doctors and private hospitals. The Investment Law of 1987 also provides tax incentives for investing into the health sector. The health industry, however, is suffering from stagnation. The total number of foreign patients increased only modestly from 95,000 to 108,000, between 1998 and 2005 (WHO, 2009). Given low occupancy rates in private hospitals (around 50%); this stagnation is not due to supply side constraints. Specialized hospitals are running at 70% occupancy (JNCO, 2007). Despite the potential of Jordans health tourism sector, there are threats on the horizon, including a shortage of qualified nurses due to brain drain. Also, as the Dubai Health Care city establishes itself, it will target the same labor market that has traditionally made up the bulk of Jordans health tourism industry. This is likely to double in occupancy as by 2015 200,000 to 250,000 patients are likely to visit Jordan. DEMAND CONDITIONS The industry shows a cyclical pattern in its demand, with the peak tourist season beginning at the end of July and lasting through the end of August, coinciding with school holidays. Most visitors come from Arab countries. Within the Archaeological Tourism segment, the demand is somewhat concentrated on Petra, which accounted for 26% of the foreign visitors who visited Jordan historical sites in 2008. This lack of diversification in terms of origin countries, as well as preferred tourist destinations, puts the industry at risk, while at the same time the lack of sophistication in demand discourages the development of more value-added options. To elaborate further, while Arab visitors constitute 68% of foreign tourists, they contribute only 43% of the overall tourism receipts. One reason is that (in 2008) Arab visitors stayed an average of 3.9 days, compared to European visitors who stayed 5.0 days. Furthermore, in terms of nights spent, 30% of the Arab nights were at the cheapest accommodation available. In contrast, 43% of European nights were spent in five-star hotels, indicating that the Europeans have a much larger and more sophisticated demand than Arab visitors. In broader terms, Europeans accounted for 54% of all the nights spent in Jordanian hotels rated 3 stars and above. European tourists also account for 91% of the nights stayed in camp sites. With less than 15% of occupancy rates, camp sites are the most underutilized of all Jordanian accommodation options. Although the MoTAs National Tourism Strategy 2004-2010 did target niche markets, such as adventure tourism, cruising, and eco-tourism, occupancy rates of camps show no improvement between 2004 and 2007.47 One of the challenges faced by Jordan is its location in a volatile region; it is very vulnerable to losing its customers, if the region experiences political turmoil. This highlights the need for Jordan to develop a sophisticated local demand that could support these high-value added businesses during times of turmoil. CONTEXT FOR FIRM STRATEGY AND RIVALRY On the context for firm strategy and rivalry, Jordan ranks highly compared to regional competitors on key metrics, such as visa requirements, government prioritization, government expenditure, and effective marketing and branding. The GoJ aims to work with the private sector to strengthen the industrys institutional and regulatory framework and thereby improve the competitiveness of the tourism sector. Nonetheless, the cluster can better coordinate activities across the tourism value chain and increase representation at international travel and tourism fairs. Further, the cluster can explore tourism markets for athletic events and conferences, which are both currently untapped. The Jordan tourism cluster is quite competitive with more than 400 hotels, over 350 travel agencies, about 70 tour operators, and an unaccounted number of tour guides. In 1998, the MoTA established the Jordan Tourism Board (JTB) to market the cluster. The JTB is a joint initiative between the public and private sectors with an 80% and 20% ownership, respectively. By running a marketing campaign and providing information to cluster members, the JTB acts as a liaison among the different tourism businesses in the cluster value chain to promote the cluster. The GoJ has always been very receptive to foreign investments. Jordan ranks 44 on the Business Impact of FDI ahead of Israel, UAE, Morocco, and Egypt, which rank 48, 49, 74, and, respectively (WEF, 2009). The JTB, in cooperation with the Jordan Investment Board (JIB), initiated the Tourism Investment Map, a regional map of investment opportunities in SMEs across the country in the tourism and hospitality sectors. The GoJ has upgraded the cluster by enforcing standards for tourism vehicle requirements and other criteria for tour operators. The Touristic Specialized Transports Regulation requires that transport companies use technically reliable and state-of-the-art vehicles for their tourism operations. Also, the Ministry of Transport lists other criteria by which tour operators need to abide. The Role of Government The role of government bears mention, as a supportive and efficient bureaucracy is generally considered a key component of successful development of the tourism industry. Jordan scored well (30th overall) on its TT regulatory framework. This was driven primarily by its performance on safety and security (19th) and prioritization of TT strategies (17th). In fact, Jordan scored 7th in overall government expenditure on travel and tourism. The most notable change for the better in recent years is that the government appears to have recognized the importance of tourism as an economic driver and, while it has handled the implementation of its tourism strategies imperfectly, it is at least taking steps in the right direction. Additionally, proposed changes in the regulatory environment should enhance competition in the transport sector (especially in the deregulation of the airline sector), ultimately increasing quality and driving down costs. Despite the positive support offered by the government to the tourism sector, this support is not yet translating into a constructive relationship between the public and private sectors. Over 75% of the industry believes that government bureaucracy is holding back the industry over 80% state that government regulations are a direct obstacle to the industry or serve no clear purpose. When asked if government regulation is getting better, only 19% indicated that it is improving. A few areas in which the government could still play a more productive role include the amount and quality of training delivered to key personnel, especially guides; more attention paid to some of the smaller but still important sites that will ultimately drive the countrys ability to retain tourists for a longer period of time; and a stronger overall promotion effort to communicate Jordans offer and to build the countrys brand. This includes the development of new products, research on new markets and niches, the devotion of more resources to international marketing, and greater focus on high potential markets. A final consideration is to enhance the frequency, quality, and results of public-private dialogue. The JNCT survey revealed that 66% of respondents resolved issues through personal connections (including individual government officials), against only 24% that utilized an industry association or formal public-private dialogue mechanism. Chance: Due to heavy insurgency in the neighboring countries of Jordan like Iraq, Syria and Lebanon the businesses in those countries may set up firms in Jordan that will make Jordan the gateway to Middle East. This may cause rivalry with many local businesses but at the same time will increase competitiveness. This will be also the reason for people who want to tour Middle East region may prefer due to the security. The inflow of refugees from Palestine, Lebanon, Syria will fill the demand gap for low-cost labor for the domestic market that will drive the development growth in the country. Due to Shortage of natural resources like water and fuel, Jordan is focusing on Nuclear Energy to meet it growing domestic demand needs by mining of uranium. Due high Generic drug pricing the need for pharmaceutical raw material and search for cheaper source can be a chance for the increasing the pharmaceutical industry production in Jordan. Jordan Tourism Statistics: Types of Tourism per Area Types of Tourism per Area History Culture Eco Nature Religion Faith Leisure wellness Fun Adventure Amman x x x X As-Salt x x Madaba x x Um Ar-Rasas x x Mount Nebo x x Jordan Valley The Dead Sea x x x x Karak x Petra x x x X Aqaba x x x x X Jerash x x X Ajlun x x Um Al-Jimal x Pella x x UImm Qays x x Shawbak x Desert Umayyad Casteles x Dana x X Wadi Mujib x X Wadi Rum x x X Azraq Shwmari x X Dibeen Forest x Hammat Maà ­n x Mukawir x Anjara x Tall Mar Elias x Total Number of Arrivals and Tourists Total Number of Arrivals and Tourists 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Total Number of Arrivals 4,677,018 4,599,243 5,586,659 5,817,370 6,712,804 6,528,626 Tourist (Overnight visitors) 2,384,474 2,353,088 2,852,809 2,986,586 3,546,990 3,430,960 Same Day Visitors 2,292,544 2,246,155 2,733,850 2,830,784 3,165,814 3,097,666 Tourism Incom/MJD 743.,2 752.6 943 1,021.6 1,460.8 1,638.9 No. of Package Tours tourists 137,660 145,601 254,145 338,787 278,341 359,625 Average Length of Stay 4 4.4 5 4.5 4.2 4.4 www.jordaninvestment.com:ecruos Total Number of Arrivals and Tourists Total Number of Arrivals and Tourists 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Total Number of Arrivals 4,677,018 4,599,243 5,586,659 5,817,370 6,712,804 6,528,626 Tourist (Overnight visitors) 2,384,474 2,353,088 2,852,809 2,986,586 3,546,990 3,430,960 Same Day Visitors 2,292,544 2,246,155 2,733,850 2,830,784 3,165,814 3,097,666 Tourism Income/MJD 743.,2 752.6 943 1,021.6 1,460.8 1,638.9 No. of Package Tours tourists 137,660 145,601 254,145 338,787 278,341 359,625 Average Length of Stay 4 4.4 5 4.5 4.2 4.4 www.jordaninvestment.com:ecruoS Recommendations Jordan needs to improve supply-side factors like tourism education, training outputs, and upgrading travel and utilize information technology to reach target market. Tourism sector is labor-intensive, which demands large number of well-trained young population. It means, they should have good senses of service and be relatively well-educated. Although several universities and many intuitions provide hospitality courses and training for people, the teaching qualities are uneven. So enhancing education quality is the key to improve the tourism competitiveness in global market. The Kingdom of Jordan is a distinctive destination which offers diverse, and the year-round tourist experiences can enrich the lives of Jordanians and visitors. It is necessary to improve the overall competitiveness of Jordans tourism industry and enhance the tourist experiences through innovation in product development, better position and promote the tourism offering to global market so that Jordan can attract more foreign customers who have the strong purchasing power and drive better business performance in Jordan. Although the Kingdom receives visitors from countries far away like Brazil, Australia, Korea and Japan, it is necessary to explore new markets throughout the world including China, Russia and other countries to increase the number of visitors. Those visitors from usually prefer to visit more than one destination at a time. Also, it should minimize the seasonal patterns of tourist arrivals to establish Jordan as a unique all-year-around diverse destination. Turkey had witnessed a significant growth in the number of Arab tourists in the past few years,  and it had succeeded in increasing tourism revenues from $12 billion in 2002 to $23 billion in 2011. If Jordan and Turkey have potential cooperation in the tourism sector and develop joint packages for long-haul tourists in near future, it will attract more visitors all over the world. Turkish carriers operate direct flights to these countries, which will help give tourists the option of visiting Jordan in the same trip. Bolstering cooperation between Arab countries and Turkey in tourism could encourage more investment in this sector in Jordan.

Phobic Disorders: Symptoms, Treatments and Research :: Phobic Disorders Research Paper

1. Introduction Although phobic disorder is certainly common, it has been more difficult to establish the extent to which it should be considered a "serious" mental disorder from a public health perspective. Recent studies in understanding the behavioral, molecular, and anatomical bases of fear extinction in animals and humans are leading to new knowledge about the nature of fear and new treatments for anxiety disorders that affect millions of Americans (news release from SFN). In those people who suffer from phobic disorders (specific phobia, social phobia and agoraphobia) excessive and inappropriate fear and anxiety comprise the core symptoms of the disorder. Collectively, these disorders are the most common forms of psychiatric illness, surpassing rates of mood disorders and substance abuse A study by Michael Davis, PhD, at Emory University (SFN News Release) that determined how human brain can used to treat such disorders. He found that a receptor for a particular protein called the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor in a brain region called the amygdala is critical for the extinction of conditioned fear. Many medical professional believe and it also has been proved true in many cases that combination of drugs therapy and behavioral therapy has the most successful results. 2. Phobia - Definition The term ‘Phobia’ was not used on its own until 1801 and in late 19th century it slowly gained acceptance in the sense it has today. The word ‘Phobia’ comes from the ancient Greek word ‘Phobos’, meaning â€Å"flight†,â€Å"fear† and â€Å"terror. Phobia is a condition, which is described as an intense, obsessive, persistent and unrealistic fear of an external object or situation or feeling. In some cases avoiding such objects or situations that cause anxiety makes difficult to lead a normal and healthy life. There are hundreds of different types of phobias with technical name for each. 3. Symptoms The symptoms of phobias are the same as those that would occur when facing an actual threat, leading to a reaction. In addition, there are other symptoms that go beyond the more "normal" fear response. Typical symptoms include:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Anxiety reactions such as sweating, trembling, nausea, rapid heartbeat, worry, dread, or terror  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Intense fear of the object or situation, beyond an actual threat of danger  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Intense fear of being watched or judged (social phobia)  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Uncontrollable reactions that consume the mind and body  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Avoidance of the object or situation to an extreme that it may result in isolation  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Use of alcohol or substance in attempt to control feeling of anxiety