Mid Term Exam

Running head :MID TERM EXAMMid Term Exam[The distinguish of the writer appears here][The name of the institution appears here] Q1Investigative processes argon carried out to observe information pertinent to a certain or phenomena . due to the limitation of time , appeal and former(a)wise resources one bargain never be absolutely certain about the results to that extent if the best investigative procedure is employed . Also , altogether the investigative processes atomic yield 18 prone to several(prenominal) types of errors and biases which make the conclusions slight reliableQ2The terms targetive lensivity and characterivity in their new(a) customs generally relate to a perceiving clear (normally a individual ) and a savvyd or un discernd object . The object is something that presumably exists independent of the subject s perception of it . In other words the object would be there as it is , quetch if no subject perceived it . thus , objectivity is typically associated with ideas such as reality , truth and reliability (The profit Encyclopedia of Philosophy . The perceiving subject can either perceive accurately or seem to perceive features of the object that atomic number 18 not in the object . For example , a perceiving subject suffering from jaundice could seem to perceive an object as yellow when the object is not actually yellow thus , the term subjective typically indicates the possibility of error (The cyberspace Encyclopedia of PhilosophyMany non-scientists atomic number 18 awed by the king and ostensible certainty of scientific knowledge . So are snuggle students of information (Sheldrake 1994 Textbooks are full of apparently hard facts and denary data Science seems supremely objective . Moreover , a belief in the objectivity of intuition is a kernel o f faith for many modern people . It is funda! mental to the world-view of materialists , rationalists , point humanists and all others who uphold the superiority of science over revere , traditional wisdom and the artsHowever , popular doubts about the objectivity of scientists are widely shared , for more sophisticated reasons , by philosophers , historians and sociologists of science (Sheldrake 1994 .

Scientists are part of larger social , economic and semipolitical systems they constitute professional groups with their own initiation procedures , peer pressures , condition structures and systems of rewards . They generally work in the context of establis hed paradigms or models of reality . And even within the limits set by the abundant scientific belief system , they do not endeavour after pure facts for their own sake : they make guesses or hypotheses about the way things are , and then test them by experiment . Usually these experiments are motivated by a desire to support a favorite hypothesis or to refute a rival one . What people do research on , and even what they find , is influenced by their aware and unconscious expectations . In addition , feminist critics detect a strong and often unconscious male bias in the theory and practice of science (Sheldrake 1994Q3Source : RESEARCH METHODSAdvantages and Disadvantages of Cross-Sectional DesignsAdvantages Disadvantagesdata on many variables change magnitude chances of errordata from a large number of subjects increased cost with more subjectsdata from dispersed subjects increased cost with individually location...If you want to get a full essay, severalise it on our websit e: BestEssayChea! p.com

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